Canada’s inflation rate fell more than expected last month as price growth moderated across the economy, including outright price declines for gasoline, airfares and clothing.
Statistics Canada reported Tuesday the annual inflation rate tumbled to 2.9% in January, down from 3.4% in December.
The federal agency’s consumer price index report says the largest contributor to the decline was a 4% drop in gasoline prices on a year-over-year basis.
Tuesday’s report offers several layers of good news for consumers as price growth decelerated in five out of eight components of the index, including food.
Grocery prices were up 3.4% annually in January compared with 4.7% in December.
There are also positive signs for the Bank of Canada as the latest figures show underlying price pressures easing and the headline rate falling back to the central bank’s 1%–3% target range.
On a seasonally adjusted monthly basis, prices in January fell for the first time since May 2020.
BMO chief economist Douglas Porter called the latest inflation report a “very pleasant surprise.”
“I think really what doubled the level of surprise is the fact we saw almost the exact opposite story in the U.S. last week,” Porter said in an interview.
The U.S. Labor Department reported last Tuesday that prices in January were up 3.1% from a year ago, suggesting inflation was down from December but higher than forecasters had expected.
In Canada, the central bank’s core measures of inflation, which strip out volatility in prices, fell in January but remain above 3%.
The half-percentage-point decline in the headline inflation rate comes after a period of volatility in price growth, which added uncertainty to the timing of rate cuts.
Porter said the one caveat to Tuesday’s report is that it followed two disappointing months for inflation.
“Let’s get another month or two of below 3% readings before really rejoicing,” he said.
Canada’s inflation rate briefly dipped below 3% in June — falling to 2.8% — but ticked back up in the second half of 2023 as underlying price pressures proved to be stubborn.
Since then, economic data has weakened, suggesting monetary policy is finally having a more meaningful impact on the economy.
Economists say deeper discounting in discretionary items last month suggest consumer demand is further weakening.
Airfares tumbled a whopping 23.7% from December to January, while prices for clothing and footwear declined 3.2% over that time period.
The central bank, which has been holding its key interest rate at 5%, has recently signalled its next move is likely a rate cut.
But before it can pull that trigger, the Bank of Canada has been clear it needs more evidence that inflation is headed back to its 2% target.
A new TD report suggests the biggest challenge facing the central bank is the housing market.
The report by James Orlando, director of economics, suggests no matter when the central bank starts to cut interest rates this year, shelter price inflation will still run at about 6% in 2024.
The latest data shows costs were up 6.2% in January year-over-year.
As the Bank of Canada considers when it should start lowering interest rates, Orlando suggests it needs to focus on the broader economy’s health and set aside shelter price inflation.
“For as long as the BoC continues to focus on inflation metrics which are being held up by shelter inflation, Canadians will suffer under the weight of high interest rates,” Orlando writes.