Chairman Ben Bernanke made clear Friday that the Federal Reserve will do more to boost the economy because of high U.S. unemployment and an economic recovery that remains “far from satisfactory.”
He also argued that the Fed’s moves so far to keep interest rates at record lows and encourage borrowing and spending have helped bolster the economy.
Bernanke stopped short of committing the Fed to any specific move, such as another round of bond purchases to lower long-term rates. But in a speech at an annual Fed conference in Jackson Hole, Wyo., Bernanke said that even with rates at super-lows, the Fed can do more.
He noted that further action carries risks but says the Fed can manage them. The Fed “should not rule out” new policies to improve the job market, Bernanke says.
The most dramatic step the Fed could take would be another round of bond buying. This is known as quantitative easing, or QE. In two rounds of QE, the Fed bought more than $2 trillion of Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities. Many investors have been hoping for a third round – QE3 – to be unveiled as soon as the Fed’s next policy meeting in September.
In light of Bernanke’s comments Friday, some analysts said that might be a stronger possibility now.
“Bernanke has taken a further step along the path to more policy stimulus, most likely a third round of asset purchases (QE3) to be announced at the mid-September FOMC meeting,” said Paul Dales, senior U.S. economist at Capital Economics.
At the same time, the Fed chairman avoided hinting of any one policy move or any timetable.
“This is really all he could say,” says Steven Ricchiuto, chief economist at Mizuho Securities. “He is not at liberty to promise anything without the (policy) committee’s approval, and there seems to be various opinions on the committee about the best way forward.”
In his speech, Bernanke cited studies showing the Fed’s first two rounds of bond purchases created at least 2 million jobs.
“It is important to achieve further progress, particularly in the labour market,” Bernanke said. “The Federal Reserve will provide additional policy accommodation as needed.”
That remark echoed what the Fed had said in a statement after its most recent policy meeting, July 31-Aug. 1. Since then, somewhat stronger economic news had led some analysts to say the Fed might now feel less urgency to act. But Bernanke’s reiteration Friday of the Fed’s readiness to provide more help suggested that his economic outlook remains dim.
The U.S. economy is still struggling to grow. It expanded at a tepid 1.7% annual rate in the April-June quarter, the government estimated Wednesday.
The minutes of the Fed’s July 31-Aug. 1 policy meeting showed that officials spoke with increased urgency about the need to provide more help for the U.S. economy.
The policy committee decided that action “would likely be warranted fairly soon” unless it saw evidence of “a substantial and sustainable strengthening” of the economy. After it meets in mid-September, the Fed’s policy committee will meet once more, in late October, before the November elections.
QE3 isn’t the Fed’s only option. It already plans to keep short-term interest rates near zero through late 2014 unless the economy improves. It could settle for extending that pledge into 2015.
Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics, is among those who think the Fed will extend its timetable for record-low rates into 2015 at the September policy meeting. And unless the economy improves, Zandi expects the Fed to launch another round of bond purchases after the election.
Bernanke’s comments Friday made clear that the economy has a long way back to full health.
“Unless the economy begins to grow more quickly than it has recently, the unemployment rate is likely to remain far above levels consistent with maximum employment for some time,” he said.
At the end of every August, economists and central bankers convene in the Rocky Mountains at a symposium organized by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. They present papers and argue about economic issues. But mostly, they wait to see what the Fed chairman has to say.
In August 2010, Bernanke hinted during his remarks at Jackson Hole that the Fed might begin a second round of bond purchases, a policy called quantitative easing, or QE2. The Fed started buying bonds three months later.
Many analysts think a third round of bond purchases – QE3 – would include both Treasurys and mortgage-backed securities.